VaRomanov: 1613-1918

Nhanganyaya kuBasa

Gwaro iri rinoshanda segwara reruzivo rwebasa renhoroondo raSimon Sebag Montefiore, VaRomanov: 1613-1918Inopa mukana wekuwedzeraview nezvezviri mubhuku iri, nhoroondo yemunyori, uye ruzivo rwakakosha nezvebhuku iri. Bhuku iri rinotsanangura mazana matatu emakore eumambo hwaRomanov, kubva pakukura kwaro muna 1613 kusvika pakuwa kwaro muna 1918, richirondedzera hupenyu nekutonga kwemadzimambo makumi maviri nemadzimambo akaumba Humambo hweRussia.

Mufananidzo: Mufananidzo wepamutemo wekavha ye VaRomanov: 1613-1918, ichiratidza zita remunyori neromusoro wake muchimiro chegoridhe chakagadzirwa zvakanaka pamadziro ebhuruu, chakatenderedzwa nemusoro wehumambo wakashongedzwa.

Nezve Munyori

Simon Sebag Montefiore inyanzvi yenhoroondo ine mukurumbira inyanzvi munhoroondo yeRussia neMiddle East. Mabasa ake anozivikanwa anosanganisira Catherine Mukuru naPotemkin, Stalin: Dare reRed Tsar, Stalin mudiki,uye Jerusarema: Nhoroondo yehupenyu, mazhinji acho akagamuchira rumbidzo huru uye mibairo. Mabhuku aMontefiore anoshandurirwa mumitauro inopfuura makumi mana, uye ndiye munyori wemabhuku enhoroondo. Semunhu weRoyal Society of Literature, ane PhD kubva kuCambridge University uye anogara kuLondon.

Content Overview

VaRomanov: 1613-1918 Rinopa rondedzero yepedyo yehumambo hwakatonga chikamu chikuru chenyika kwemazana matatu emakore. Bhuku iri rinoongorora kuti mhuri iyi yakachinja sei hutongi hwakaparadzwa nehondo kuita humambo hukuru uye mushure mezvo vakarasikirwa nezvose. Rinoongorora hupenyu hwemadzimambo makumi maviri, richiratidza hunyanzvi hwavo, kupenga, zvishuvo zvehumambo, uye mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika ehutongi hwavo. Montefiore anoshandisa tsvakiridzo itsva yezvinyorwa kuti awane mazano emuzinda, makwikwi emhuri, uye kupambadza kwakaratidza nguva yaRomanov. Nyaya iyi ine chinangwa chekupa chidzidzo chakakwana chesimba nehumambo, ichipa nzwisiso yekukura kwenhoroondo yeRussia.

Mufananidzo: Mufananidzo une mashoko anobva kuThe Oprah Magazine, achiratidza kuti bhuku iri rinonakidza pasinei nekureba kwaro.

Mufananidzo: Mufananidzo unoratidza re positive review mashoko aDavid Walton weThe Dallas Morning News, achirumbidza manyorerwo ebhuku iri neruzivo rwaro.

Mufananidzo: Mufananidzo unoratidza review mashoko aGreg King weThe Washington Post, achitsanangura bhuku iri serinonyanya kutaurwa nezvedzidzo uye rinonakidza.

Chidimbu: Kumuka kweRomanovs

Chikamu chinotevera chinotsanangura nguva yakaoma yakatungamira kukwira kweumambo hweRomanov, chichitaura nezve'Nguva Yematambudziko' uye kusarudzwa kwaMichael Romanov samambo wekutanga.

CHITSAUKO 1: KUSIMUKA

CHIKAMU 1: Zviratidziro zveVaroorani

CAST

• YEKUPEDZISIRA YERURIKID TSARS:
  • IVAN MUNHU AITYISA (1547-84)
  • Anastasia Romanovna Zakharina-Yurieva, tsarina yake yokutanga
  • Ivan Ivanovich, mwanakomana wavo mukuru uye mugari wenhaka
  • FYODOR I, mwanakomana wavo wechipiri, mambo (1584-98)
  • Dmitri Ivanovich, mwanakomana wekupedzisira waIvan the Terrible
• NGUVA YEMATAMBUDZIKO: madzimambo nevanyengeri:
  • BORIS GODUNOV, tsar (1598-1605)
  • DMITRI WENYEPE, mambo (1605-6)
  • VASILY SHUISKY, tsar (1606-10)
  • Dmitri Wechipiri Wenhema, anozivikanwa saBrigand weTushino
  • Ivan Dmitrievich, Mucheche Brigand
  • Marina Mniszech, mwanasikana wemukuru wePolish
• Vakuru vehondo:
  • Muchinda Dmitri Pozharsky, gamba rekurwisana
  • Kuzma Minin, mutengesi weNizhny Novgorod
  • Muchinda Dmitri Trubetskoi, aristocrat uye mutungamiri weCossacks
• Vapambi vekune dzimwe nyika:
  • Mambo Sigismund III wePoland
  • Muchinda Władysław wePoland, akazova mambo
  • Gustavus Adolphus, mambo weSweden
• YEKUTANGA YEVAROMANOV:
  • Nikita Romanovich Zakharin-Yuriev, mukoma waAnastasia
  • Mwanakomana wake Fyodor Nikitich Romanov, akazova mupristi Filaret
  • Ksenia Shestova, akazova Nun Martha, mudzimai waFyodor
  • Mwanakomana wavo, MICHAEL, mambo wekutanga weRomanov (1613-45)
  • Ivan Romanov, mukoma waFyodor, babamunini vaMichael, boyar
  • Anna Khlopova, musikana wekutanga waMichael
  • Maria Dolgorukaya, mudzimai wake wekutanga
  • Eudoxia Streshneva, mudzimai wake wechipiri
  • Irina, tsarevna, mwanasikana waMichael naEudoxia
  • ALEXEI, mwanakomana uye mugari wenhaka waMichael naEudoxia, mambo (1645-76)
• MAKURUME: mafundisi nezvimwewo:
  • Fyodor Sheremetev, muzukuru waRomanov, mukomana uye gurukota guru
  • Mikhail Saltykov, muzukuru waRomanov, mudiri wemumba uye mutakuri wezvombo
  • Muchinda Ivan Cherkassky, Romanov muzukuru wedzinza reCircassian, boyar
  • Prince Dmitri Cherkassky, Romanov muzukuru wedzinza reCircassian, boyar
  • Muchinda Dmitri Pozharsky, mukuru wehondo ane rudo, akazova murwi uye mukuru wemauto
  • Muchinda Dmitri Trubetskoi, aristocrat uye Cossack warlord, mukwikwidzi wehumambo

Michael akanga asingakurumidzi kuenda kuMoscow, asi Moscow yakanga ichida kuti asvike. Muhondo yevagari vemo, vaikwikwidza kutonga—vane masimba makuru, madzimambo ekune dzimwe nyika, machinda eCossack, vanyengeri nevafambi—vakanga varwa vachienda kuMoscow, vaine nzara yekutora korona. Asi Michael Romanov naNun Martha vakanga vasina hanya. Hakuna kumbova nerwendo rwakadaro rwunosuruvarisa, rwunochema uye rwunosuruvarisa kuenda kuchigaro cheumambo. Asi dambudziko reRussia pakutanga kwa1613 rakanga rakaipa, richikonzera kutambudzika. Nzvimbo iri pakati peKostroma neMoscow yaiva nengozi; Michael aipfuura nemumisha umo mitumbi yakapararira mumigwagwa. Russia yakanga iri diki zvikuru pane yeRussian Federation nhasi; muganhu wayo neSweden kuchamhembe waiva pedyo neNovgorod, iyo nePoland-Lithuania iri pedyo neSmolensk, chikamu chikuru cheSiberia kumabvazuva chakanga chisina kukundwa, uye chikamu chikuru chekumaodzanyemba chaive chichiri nzvimbo yeKhanate yevaTatar. Asi yakanga ichiri nzvimbo yakakura ine vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni gumi nemana, zvichienzaniswa nevanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni mana muEngland panguva iyoyo. Asi Russia yakanga yava kuda kuparara; nzara nehondo zvakanga zvauraya vanhu vayo; vanhu vekuPoland vakanga vachiri kuvhima mukomana-mambo; mauto eSweden nePoland-Lithuania akanga achiungana kuti apinde muRussia; vatungamiriri vehondo veCossack vaitonga nzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba, vachichengeta vanhu vainyepedzera kuva chigaro cheumambo; kwakanga kusina mari, matombo ekorona akanga apambwa; dzimba dzeumambo dzeKremlin dzakanga dzaparadzwa.

Kuchinja kwehupenyu hwaMichael kunofanira kunge kwakamubata mwoyo: dare ramambo raifanira kuvakwazve, dare remutongi nedare, chipunu chesirivha nechipunu chesirivha, dhaimani nedhaimani. Iye naamai vake pasina mubvunzo vaitya zvaivamirira muguta guru uye vaiva nechikonzero chose chekunetseka. Asi zvino uyu wechidiki wemhuri ine mukurumbira isina zita, ane baba vakarasika mujeri rekune imwe nyika, akawana hukuru hwakaiswa paari, hukuru hwaaifanira kuva nahwo, kupfuura zvose, kumutsigiri wekutanga wemhuri, Ivan the Terrible.

Makore makumi matatu mushure mekufa kwake, Ivan achiri kukanda mumvuri wake wekutya pamusoro peRussia nemukomana Michael. Ivan akanga awedzera humambo hweRussia—uye akada kuhuparadza kubva mukati. Akatanga awedzera runako rwahwo ndokuzohuisa chepfu—kutonga kwemakore makumi mashanu kwekukunda nekupenga. Asi mudzimai wake wekutanga uye waaida, amai vevanakomana vake vekutanga, aiva Romanov—uye ndiye akatanga hupfumi hwemhuri.

Ivan pachake aive mwana wemhuri yehumambo yakabva kuna Rurik, muchinda wekuScandinavia ane pfungwa dzakafanana nedzengano uyo, muna 862, akakokwa nemaSlav nemamwe madzinza emunharaunda kuti avatonge, achizova muvambi wedzinza rekutanga reRussia. Muna 988, muzukuru waRurik Vladimir, muchinda mukuru weRus, akatendeukira kuOrthodoxy muCrimea pasi pesimba ramambo weByzantine uye tateguru. Mubatanidzwa wake wemadzimambo, unozivikanwa saKievan Rus, wakabatana nedzinza reRurik, waizopedzisira wapararira kubva kuBaltic kusvika kuGungwa Dema. Asi pakati pa1238 na1240 wakaparadzwa nemauto eMongol aGenghis Khan nemhuri yake avo, mukati memazana maviri emakore ekutonga kweRussia, vakabvumira machinda eRurikid kutonga madzimambo madiki sevaranda. view yamambo mumwe chete wepasi rose pasi paMwari uye zvisarudzo zvavo zvematare zvisina musoro zvinogona kunge zvakabatsira pakufunga kweRussia kwehutongi hweudzvanyiriri. Kwakave nekusanganiswa kukuru uye kuroorana nemaMongol; mhuri dzakawanda dzeRussia dzakakurumbira dzakabva kwavari. Zvishoma nezvishoma machinda eRussia akatanga kupikisa simba reMongol: Ivan III Mukuru, muchinda mukuru weMoscow, akanga aunganidza maguta mazhinji eRussia, kunyanya republic yeGreat Novgorod kuchamhembe neRostov kumaodzanyemba, pasi pehumambo hweMuscovite uye muna 1480 akatarisana nemaMongol khans. Mushure mekukundwa kweByzantium nemaIslamic Ottomans, akatora chifukidziro chehutungamiriri hweOrthodoxy. Ivan akaroora muzukuru wemambo wekupedzisira weByzantine, Sophia Paleologue, izvo zvakamubvumira kuzviratidza semugari wenhaka yemadzimambo. Ivan Mukuru akatanga kuzviti Caesar, uyo akachinjwa kuita Tsar muRussia, chinzvimbo chake chitsva cheumambo chichibvumira vaitaura nezvemamongi vake kutaura kuti akanga achiunganidzazve nzvimbo dzeRus. Mwanakomana wake Vasily III akaenderera mberi nebasa rake, asi mwanakomana waVasily akamutangira kufa saka muzukuru wake Ivan IV, Ivan weAnotyisa sezvaakazova, ndiye akatsiva chigaro cheumambo achiri mudiki. Amai vake vangangodaro vakachekwa chepfu uye mwana wacho akashungurudzika apo makwikwi evashandi vepadare akatanga kuita mhirizhonga, achikura kuva ane simba, akasimba uye anofungidzira sezvaaive asingachinji uye asingafungidziriki.

Pakugadzwa kwake pachigaro muna 1547, paaiva nemakore gumi nematanhatu, Ivan ndiye akatanga kugadzwa samambo. Mutongi wechidiki uyu akanga atotanga kutsvaga mukadzi. Mutsika yakabva kumadzitateguru ese ari maviri—maMongol khans nemadzimambo eByzantine—akadaidza kuratidzwa kwemuchato. Kusarudzwa kwese kwemuchato wehumambo kwakasimudzira madzinza matsva kuti ave nesimba uye kwakaparadza mamwe. Kuratidzwa kwemuchato kwakagadzirirwa kuderedza kusagadzikana kwakadaro nekuda kwekusarudza kwamambo musikana kubva kuvanhu vepakati. Mhandara mazana mashanu dzakadanwa kubva muumambo hwake hwese kumakwikwi ekunaka eRenaissance, ayo akahwinwa nemusikana ainzi Anastasia Romanovna Zakharina-Yurieva, tete vemukomana Michael.

Mwanasikana weboka diki remhuri yaitova mudare, Anastasia aive akanaka, nekuda kwekubatanidza kwake kure nevatongi vane simba nekuzivana kunonyaradza. Ivan aitomuziva sezvo babamunini vake vaive mumwe wevachengeti vake. Aibva kuna Andrei Kobyla, uyo muchinda mukuru akanga amusimudzira kusvika pachinzvimbo cheboyar muna 1346-7, asi bazi rake remhuri raibva kumwanakomana wake wechina, boyar Fyodor, ainzi Koshka—Katsi. Chizvarwa chega chega chaizivikanwa nezita remurume muchizvarwa chakapfuura, saka vana veKatsi vainzi maKoshkins, zita rakakodzera richipiwa zvipo zvekatsi dzemhuri yeRomanov kuti dzirarame. Sekuru vaAnastasia, Zakhar, nasekuru vake, Yuri, vaive vakomana, asi baba vake Roman vakafa vachiri vadiki. Zvisinei, akapa zita rake kuRomanovichi, avo vaizozivikanwa seRomanovs.

Nguva pfupi mushure mekugadzwa kwamambo, musi wa2 Kukadzi 1547, Ivan akaroora Anastasia. Muchato wacho wakabudirira. Akamupa vana vatanhatu, vaviri vavo vakasara vari vadyi venhaka, Ivan naFyodor, uye aive nechipo chekukwanisa kudzikamisa hunhu hwake hwekupenga. Asi akaramba achimunetesa nepfungwa dzake dzisingatarisirwi uye kufamba nguva dzose. Pakutanga kutonga kwake kwakabudirira: akafamba akananga kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva pamusangano wechiKristu weOrthodox kuti akunde maIslamic Tatars, zvizvarwa zvaGenghis Khan avo vakanga vaparadzaniswa kuita madiki maKhanate. Kutanga akakunda maKhanate eKazan neAstrakhan—kukunda kwaakapemberera nekuvaka St. Basil's Cathedral paRed Square; akatuma vatengesi vemabhizinesi nemaCossack buccaneers kuti vatange kukunda Siberia yakakura, yakapfuma; akaunza nyanzvi dzeEurope nevatengesi kuti vagadzirise Muscovy uye akarwisa Commonwealth yePoland-Lithuania kuti vatonge maguta akapfuma eBaltic. Asi hondo yacho yaizotora nguva yakareba, iyo yakakanganisa pfungwa dzamambo nekuvimbika kwemadzishe ake ane simba, mazhinji acho aive nehukama hwavo nevekuPoland. Panguva imwe chete, aiwanzo rwisana nerimwe simba redunhu, iro raive ramakurukota eCrimean Tatars kumaodzanyemba.

Muna 1553, Ivan akarwara. Munun'una wemukadzi wake Nikita Romanovich akaedza kunyengetedza vakuru vedare kuti vapike kuvimbika kumwanakomana mudiki wamambo—asi vakaramba, nekuti vaifarira hama yake yakura, Muchinda Vladimir weStaritsa. Mambo akapora asi akabuda akatarisana nekunyengera kwemachinda ake uye kuvimbika kwaMambo Vladimir nevamwe vakuru. Muna 1560, Anastasia akafa ava nemakore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe. Ivan akashungurudzika, achitenda kuti akanga aisirwa chepfu nemachinda ane utsinye. Angangodaro aisirwa chepfu, asi angangodaro akafa nechirwere kana mushonga une chinangwa chakanaka. Chero zvazvingava, kupandukira nekunyengera kwemachinda ake zvakakonzera kuti Ivan apinde mumhirizhonga: akangoerekana abva kuMoscow achienda kunhare yedunhu kwaakagovanisa umambo hwake pakati penzvimbo yake yehumambo, iyo Separateness—Oprichnina—nenyika yese. Akasunungura boka revanhu vaitya vakapfeka hembe nhema, ma oprichniki, vaifamba nemabhiza matema akashongedzwa nemitsvairo nemisoro yembwa, zvichiratidza kusaora uye kuvimbika kune hutsinye, vakatanga kutonga kwekutya. Ivan paakanga achigara pakati pezviitiko zvekuuraya, kunamata uye ufeve, hapana akachengeteka. Kusagadzikana kwake kwakawedzerwa nekusasimba kwedzinza rake: mwanakomana wake Ivan chete ndiye airatidzika kunge aizorarama kusvika pakukura sezvo Fyodor mudiki akanga asina simba. Zvaive zvakakosha kuroorazve—izvo zvakava chinhu chakafanana nechaHenry VIII wepanguva yake. Kunyange zvazvo aitsvaga vakadzi vekune dzimwe nyika, muchindakadzi kubva kudzinza raitonga Sweden nePoland netariro yekukunda chigaro chePoland, uye mukadzi wekuEngland, pamwe kunyange Elizabeth I pachake, Ivan akaedza nzira yake kuburikidza nemadzimai anosvika masere, vatatu vavo vangangodaro vakacheneswa, uye vamwe vavo vangangodaro vakaurayiwa nemirairo yake. Mudzimai wake wechipiri, muchindakadzi wechiTatar, paakafa muna 1569, mumwe aifungidzirwa kuti akaurayiwa nemuchetura, akatsamwa zvikuru, achibvisa mafundisi ake, achicheka mhino nenhengo dzesikarudzi, ndokuzoburuka neboka remaoprichniki ane misoro yembwa achienda kumaguta eTver neNovgorod, achiuraya vanhu vese, achirapa vanhu ava nemvura inopisa yakaomeswa nechando, achivarembedza kubva pazvirauro zvakapinzwa nembabvu dzavo, achisunga vakadzi nevana pamwe chete uye achivasundira pasi pechando.tagPakati pezvinhu zvinovhiringidza pfungwa dzaIvan, khan wechiTatar akatora ndokupisa Moscow.

Mushure mekunge vadzvinyiriri vaita zvaaida, Ivan akabatanidzazve humambo asi akabva asiya basa ndokugadza mwanakomana wemukuru wehumambo weTatar, akatendeukira kuchiKristu, semuchinda mukuru weRussia asati atora chigaro. Paiva nenzira imwe chete muupenzi: hutsinye hwaIvan hwakaputsa simba remakurukota enyika—kunyange zvazvo hwakashongedzwa nehutsinye hwemunhu hwehudhimoni hwake. Munun'una waAnastasia Nikita Romanovich akaramba ari babamunini vevagari venhaka yechigaro, asi vaRomanov vakanga vasina kuchengetedzeka kupfuura chero ani zvake kubva kuna mambo. Muna 1575, Romanov mumwe chete akaurayiwa uye nyika yaNikita yakaparadzwa.

Pamusangano wekuroora munaGunyana 1580, Ivan akasarudza mudzimai mutsva, Maria Nagaya, uyo akamupa mwanakomana, Dmitri, waaishuvira. Asi, muna 1581, nehasha akauraya mwanakomana wake mukuru naAnastasia, Ivan, achirovera tsvimbo yake ine muromo wesimbi mumusoro memukomana, mugumo unotyisa wekutonga kwake. Akanga atoparadza Russia, asi zvino akaitonga senyonganiso nekuti vagari venhaka yechigaro cheumambo vaiva mumwe mwanakomana wake naAnastasia, Fyodor asina simba uye ane pfungwa dzakapfava—uye mwana Dmitri.

Parufu rwaIvan the Terrible muna 1584, Nikita Romanovich akabatsira kuona kuti muzukuru wake Fyodor I ndiye aizotora nzvimbo yake. Asi Nikita akafa nguva pfupi yakatevera uye simba rake rakatorwa nemwanakomana wake Fyodor Nikitich Romanov, baba vaMichael veramangwana.

Tsar Fyodor akasiya mutongo uyu kuna gurukota rake rine hunyanzvi Boris Godunov, uyo akanga asimuka semumwe wevaIvan's oprichniki uye zvino akasimbisa simba rake nekuroora hanzvadzi yake kuna mambo. Mugari wenhaka wekupedzisira waRurikid aive mwanakomana wekupedzisira waIvan, Dmitri ane makore masere, uyo zvino akanyangarika panzvimbo iyi. Akafa zviri pamutemo nebanga pahuro, akazvikonzera nepahuro panguva yepfari. Iyi ingadai yakava tsaona inoshamisa zvekuti ingangodaro yakaitika, asi pasina mubvunzo vazhinji vaifunga kuti akaurayiwa naGodunov—kana kuti akaendeswa kunzvimbo yakachengeteka.

Tsar Fyodor paakafa asina mwana muna 1598, dzinza reMoscow rehumambo hweRurikid rakanga rapera.

Kwaiva nevanhu vaviri vaida chigaro cheumambo—gurukota raFyodor nemukuwasha wake Boris Godunov, naFyodor Romanov, muzukuru mukuru waTsarina Anastasia, uye mwanakomana waNikita Romanovich, uyo aizivikanwa semukomana aipfeka zvakanaka mudare. Fyodor Romanov akaroora Ksenia Shestova, asi pavana vavo vatanhatu, kusanganisira vanakomana vana, mwanasikana mumwe chete nemwanakomana mumwe chete ndivo vakapona: Mambo Michael weramangwana akaberekwa muna 1596 uye angangodaro akakurira muimba huru iri pedyo neRed Square paVarvarka Street. Akapihwa zvipo zvakawanda asi hudiki hwake hwakanga husina kugadzikana kwenguva refu.

Godunov akasarudzwa kuva mambo neDare reNyika, saka ndiye aive pedyo nemutongi wepamutemo mushure mekutsakatika kwedzinza rakakodzera, uye pakutanga akatsigirwa naFyodor Romanov. Godunov aive nechipo, asi rombo rakanaka rinokosha mune zvematongerwo enyika uye haana rombo rakanaka. Kubudirira kwake kwakagara kuripo kwakaitika kumiganhu yake yekumabvazuva, uko vafambi vake veCossack vakakwanisa kukunda khanate yeSibr, zvichivhura hukuru hweSiberia. Asi Russia pachayo yakatambura nenzara nezvirwere, ukuwo kurwara kwaBoris pachake kwakaderedza simba rake rakaderera.

Fyodor Romanov, ane manomano uye kutiza kwaakaita kwakaratidza kugona kwemadzitateguru ake akaita sekati, akabatsira kuparadzira makuhwa ekuti mwanakomana waIvan the Terrible akafa, Dmitri, akanga atiza uye akanga achiri mupenyu. Kurwisana kwakanga kwava pedyo, uye mhuri yeRomanov yakaunza mauto aichengeta muMoscow. Michael Romanov paakanga ava nemakore mashanu chete, nyika yake yakaparadzwa.

Muna 1600, Godunov akarwisa Fyodor nevanun'una vake vana, avo vaipomerwa mhosva yekupandukira hurumende uye uroyi; varanda vavo vakapupura vachitambudzwa nezvekuita kwavo uroyi uye kuviga mishonga ine chepfu. Tsar Boris vakapisa imwe yedzimba dzavo, vakatora nzvimbo dzavo ndokuvaendesa kuArctic. Kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti Fyodor Romanov haazombofi akava mambo, akamanikidzwa kutora mirairo mitsvene, achishandisa zita idzva remupristi Filaret, ukuwo mudzimai wake akava Nun Martha. Michael akatumirwa kunogara natete vake, mudzimai wasekuru vake Alexander Romanov, mumusha uri kure weBelozersk. Akagara ikoko kwemwedzi gumi nemishanu inotyisa vasati vabvumirwa kutamira kunzvimbo yeRomanov makiromita makumi mashanu kubva kuMoscow. Vatatu vehama shanu dzeRomanov vakaurayiwa kana kufa zvisinganzwisisike. Tsar Boris akatibvisa tose, Filaret akayeuka gare gare. Akandiita kuti ndicheneswe, akauraya vatatu vehama dzangu, achirayira kuti vadzipwe. Ini zvino ndakanga ndasara nemunin'ina mumwe chete Ivan. Godunov aisagona kuuraya maRomanov ese, nehukama hwavo hwakakosha nemadzimambo eRurikid, kwete mushure mekufa kwaTsarevich Dmitri. Kunyangarika kwevana vehumambo mumaoko ehama dzaida simba kune nzira yakakodzera yekuparadza simba ravanotsvaga.

Magadzirirwo eBhuku

• Muparidzi Vintage
• Zuva Rekuburitswa: Chivabvu 16, 2017
• Edition: Dhindazve
• Mutauro: Chirungu
• Kureba 784 mapeji
• ISBN-10: 0307280519
• ISBN-13: 978-0307280510
• Chinhu Weight: 2.2 makirogiramu
• Dimensions: 6.06 x 1.65 x 9.17 inches

Kuwedzera Kuverenga

Kune vaverengi vanofarira kuongorora zvakadzama nhoroondo yeRussia kana mabasa aSimon Sebag Montefiore, funga nezvekuongorora mamwe mazita ake anozivikanwa akadai sekuti Catherine Mukuru naPotemkin, Stalin: Dare reRed Tsar, kana Jerusarema: Nhoroondo yehupenyuMabasa aya anopa mamwe maonero pamusoro pevanhu vekare nenguva dzakakosha.