Nhanganyaya
Bhuku iri rinopa gwara rekushandisa bhuku re'311 Circuits', muunganidzwa wakakwana wemagadzirirwo emasekete emagetsi. Rakagadzirirwa vanofarira zvemagetsi, vadzidzi, uye nyanzvi dziri kutsvaga mhinduro dzinoshanda dzesekete uye kurudziro yemapurojekiti avo. Bhuku iri rinofukidza mhando dzakasiyana dzesekete, kubva pakuvaka zvinhu zvepakutanga kusvika kune mamwe mashandisirwo akaomarara.
Mufananidzo uyu unoratidza kavha yepamberi yebhuku re'311 Circuits'. Kavha yacho ine zita rekuti '311 Circuits' zvakajeka, nenhamba '311' dzakanyorwa kuti dziite sedzakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvemagetsi. Kumashure kwacho kune pateni yebhodhi redunhu rebhuruu, uye logo yeElektor inoonekwa mukona yepasi kuruboshwe.
Kugadzirisa uye Kugadzirira
Usati watanga kuvaka dunhu, iva nechokwadi chekuti une maturusi anodiwa uye nzvimbo yekushandira yakakodzera. Kunyange zvazvo bhuku iri richipa madhayagiramu edunhu, kuita basa nemazvo kunoda zvinhu zvishoma zvakakosha:
- Zvikamu zveMagetsi zvepakutanga: Zvirambidzo, ma capacitor, ma diode, ma transistors, ma integrated circuits (ICs), nezvimwewo, sezvakatsanangurwa nemagadzirirwo edunhu rega rega.
- Breadboard kana PCB: Yekugadzira mifananidzo kana gungano redunhu risingaperi.
- Magetsi: Simba remagetsi reDC rakasimba, rinogadziriswa kana zvichibvira, kuti ripe simba rinodiwatages yematunhu.
- Multimeter: Zvakakosha pakuyera huwandutage, magetsi, uye kuramba kwekuyedza nekugadzirisa matambudziko.
- Simbi Inonamira uye Inonamira: Kana uchibatanidza macircuit paPrinted Circuit Board (PCB).
- Zvidzitiro zveWaya neZvicheki: Kugadzirira waya nemidziyo yekubatanidza zvinhu.
- Safety Goggles: Kudzivirira maziso panguva yekunamira kana kubata zvinhu zvidiki.
Ziva zviratidzo zvemagetsi zvepakutanga uye maitiro edhirowa redunhu usati waedza kuvaka macircuit akaomarara.
Madunhu Ekushanda Nekuvaka
Dunhu rega rega rinoratidzwa mu '311 Circuits' rinosanganisira dhayagiramu yechirongwa uye kazhinji tsananguro pfupi yebasa rayo. Tevedzera matanho aya ese paunenge uchivaka dunhu:
- Nzwisisa Chirongwa: Nyatsoongorora dhayagiramu yedunhu. Ziva zvikamu zvese nehukuru hwazvo. Cherechedza chero zviratidzo zvepolarity zvezvikamu zvakaita se electrolytic capacitors, diodes, uye ICs.
- Unganidza Zvikamu: Unganidza zvinhu zvose zvinodiwa sezvazvakanyorwa mutsananguro yedunhu. Simbisa kukosha kwazvo nemhando dzazvo.
- Unganidza Dunhu:
- Pakugadzira mapuranga ekugadzira mapuranga, isa zvinhu zvacho wozvibatanidza uchishandisa waya dzejumper zvichienderana nehurongwa hwacho.
- Pakubatanidza PCB, isa zvikamu pabhodhi wozvibatanidza zvakachengeteka, zvichiita kuti zvive pachena kuti zvinonanga zvakanaka.
- Kaviri-Tarisa Mabatanidza: Usati waisa simba, nyatsoongorora ma connection ese uchishandisa schematic. Tsvaga ma short circuits, open circuits, uye zvikamu zvisina kuiswa zvakanaka.
- Shandisa Simba: Batanidza simba remagetsi kudunhu, uchitanga ne vol yakadereratagkana zvichigadziriswa, uye zvishoma nezvishoma zvichiwedzeraasing kune huwandu hunodiwa hwekushandatage. Cherechedza kana paine matambudziko aripo akadai seutsi kana kupisa kwakanyanya.
- Edza uye Simbisa: Shandisa multimeter kuyera voltages panzvimbo dzakakosha mudunhu sezvakaratidzwa mubhuku kana sezvaitarisirwa kubva mudzidziso yedunhu. Simbisa basa raitarisirwa nedunhu.
Gara uchibvisa magetsi usati waita chero shanduko kudunhu kudzivirira kukuvara kwezvinhu kana kukuvara.
Maintenance
Kuchengetedza bhuku re'311 Circuits' kunoita kuti rirambe richishandiswa kwenguva refu uye kuti rirambe richishandiswa:
- Kuchengeta: Chengeta bhuku iri munzvimbo yakaoma, inotonhorera kure nezuva rakananga uye hunyoro hwakanyanya kudzivirira kupera kwepepa uye ingi inopera.
- Kubata: Bata bhuku nemaoko akachena kudzivirira kuendesa mafuta netsvina kumapeji. Dzivisa kukotama musana zvakanyanya kuti urambe wakasunga.
- Dziviriro: Funga nezvekushandisa chifukidziro chekudzivirira kana bhuku richiwanzo shandiswa munzvimbo yekushandira kuti ridzivirirwe kubva kuguruva, kudonha kwemvura, uye kukuvara kwemuviri.
Kugara uchichengeta zvinhu zvako kuchaita kuti madhayagiramu edunhu nemagwaro zvive pachena uye zvinoverengwa kwemakore anotevera.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
Pakugadzira macircuit, zvinowanzoitika kuti pave nematambudziko. Heano mamwe matipi ekugadzirisa matambudziko:
- Dunhu Risingashande:
- Magetsi: Tarisa kuti magetsi akabatana nemazvo uye uchipa simba rakatarwatage.
- Connections: Tarisazve zvese zvakabatana newaya uye zvikamu zvakaiswa zvichienderana nechirongwa. Waya imwe chete isina kuiswa zvakanaka inogona kudzivirira circuit kuti isashande.
- Kutungamirirwa kwezvikamu: Iva nechokwadi chekuti zvikamu zvakatenderedzwa (diodes, electrolytic capacitors, ICs) zvakarongwa nemazvo.
- Hunhu hweZvikamu: Tarisa kaviri kuti uri kushandisa zvikamu zvakakodzera (semuenzaniso, makodhi emavara e resistor, ma capacitor markings).
- Kupisa Kwakanyanya kana Utsi: Bvisa magetsi nekukasika. Izvi zvinowanzo ratidza kuti pane circuit pfupi kana kuti chikamu chisina kubatana zvakanaka. Ziva uye gadzirisa dambudziko usati washandisa magetsi zvakare.
- Kuburitswa/Maitiro Asiriwo:
- Voltage Zviyero: Shandisa multimeter kuyera voltages panzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana mudunhu uye enzanisa nemitengo inotarisirwa.
- Kukundikana kwechikamu: Chikamu chisina kunaka chinogona kukonzera maitiro asingatarisirwi. Kana zvichibvira, edza zvikamu zvega zvega kana kutsiva zvinofungidzirwa.
- Kuzunguzika/Ruzha: Iva nechokwadi chekuti ma capacitor akakodzera ekubatanidza anoshandiswa pedyo ne ICs ne power rails kudzivirira kusagadzikana.
- Intermittent Operation: Tarisa kana paine tambo dzakarembera, majoini anosungirirwa anotonhora (kana zvichibvira), kana waya dzakaneta.
Kushivirira uye kutarisa kwakarongeka ndizvo zvakakosha pakubudirira kugadzirisa matambudziko edunhu.
Zvinotsanangurwa
| Attribute | Detail |
|---|---|
| Muparidzi | Kuburitsa Electronics kweElektor (10 Mbudzi 2011) |
| Mutauro | Chirungu |
| Mapeji ePepa Rekare | 420 mapeji |
| ISBN-10 | 1907920080 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-1907920080 |
| Item Weight | 700 g |
| Dimensions | 17.2 x 2.3 x 23.3 cm |
Warranty uye Support
Sezvo '311 Circuits' iri bhuku rakaburitswa, hariuye newarandi yechigadzirwa nenzira yechinyakare yemidziyo yemagetsi. Chero matambudziko ane chekuita nehunhu hwebhuku (semuenzaniso, zvikanganiso zvekudhinda, zvikanganiso zvekubatanidza) anofanira kuendeswa kumutengesi kana muparidzi, Elektor Electronics Publishing, mukati memitemo yavo yekudzosa kana yekutsinhana.
Kuti uwane rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi maererano nemasekete pachawo, bhuku iri rinoshanda senzvimbo huru yekushandisa. Maforamu emunharaunda uye zviwanikwa zvemagetsi zvepamhepo zvinogonawo kubatsira pakukurukura nezvekushandiswa kwesekete kana matambudziko ekugadzirisa matambudziko.
